List of companies of Brazil

Brazil is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. Brazil's economy is the world's ninth-largest by nominal GDP and seventh-largest by GDP (PPP) as of 2015[update].[1][2] A member of the BRICS group, Brazil until 2010 had one of the world's fastest growing major economies, with its economic reforms giving the country new international recognition and influence.[3] Brazil's national development bank plays an important role for the country's economic growth.[4] Brazil is a founding member of the United Nations, the G20, BRICS, Unasul, Mercosul, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States, CPLP, and the Latin Union. Brazil is a regional power in Latin America and a middle power in international affairs,[5] with some analysts identifying it as an emerging global power.[6] One of the world's major breadbaskets, Brazil has been the largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years.[7]
For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations, see "Business entities in Brazil".
Largest firms
[edit]This list shows firms in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks firms by total revenues reported before January 31, 2025.[8] Only the top five firms (if available) are included as a sample.
Rank | Image | Name | 2024 Revenues (USD $M) | Employees | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
99 | ![]() |
Petrobras | $102,409 | 46,730 | Large petroleum refining firm in Rio de Janeiro. The company has been on the list for 22 years, peaking at 23 in 2012. A 18% drop in revenues has moved them down to 99th. |
176 | ![]() |
JBS S.A. | $72,863 | 272,565 | Massive meat processing concern with facilities around the world. JBS entered the list in 2010 and has rapidly risen to its current position of 191. |
189 | ![]() |
Banco Itaú Unibanco | $68,455 | 95,702 | Large financial conglomerate headquartered in São Paulo. The firm debuted on the list in 2014 at 138 and has risen on the list despite a 21% drop in revenues. |
217 | ![]() |
Banco do Brasil | $63,322 | 86,220 | One of the largest banks in Latin America, Banco do Brasil is headquartered in Brasília. While the firm has been on the F500 list for 23 years, it moved dramatically, almost dropping off the list in 2002 but climbing back to 88 in 2012. |
252 | ![]() |
Banco Bradesco | $56,490 | 79,583 | Large banking and financial services company with operations worldwide. The firm has experienced a significant drop in revenues in recent years, but rose 31% in 2017 to move back to 154 on the list. |
Notable firms
[edit]This list includes notable companies with primary headquarters located in the country. The industry and sector follow the Industry Classification Benchmark taxonomy. Organizations which have ceased operations are included and noted as defunct.
Name | Industry | Sector | Headquarters | Founded | Notes | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AES Eletropaulo | Utilities | Conventional electricity | Barueri | 1899 | Electrical utility, (B3: ELPL3, ELPL5, ELPL6) | P | A |
Agrale | Consumer goods | Commercial vehicles | Caxias do Sul | 1962 | Bus, coach, tractor, truck & military vehicles | P | A |
Airship do Brasil | Industrials | Aerospace | São Paulo | 2005 | The only blimp manufacturer in Latin America | P | A |
Algar | Telecommunications | Fixed line telecommunications | Uberlândia | 1954 | Fixed-line & mobile | P | A |
Alupar | Utilities | Conventional electricity | São Paulo | 2007 | Power generation, transmission lines, wind farms | P | A |
AmBev | Consumer goods | Brewers | São Paulo | 1999 | Brewery, (B3: AMBV3, AMBV4) | P | A |
Andrade Gutierrez | Conglomerates | - | Belo Horizonte | 1948 | Construction and building materials, engineering (B3: ANDG3B, ANDG4B) | P | A |
Aperam South America | Basic materials | Iron & steel | Belo Horizonte | 1944 | Steel | P | A |
Aracruz Celulose | Basic materials | Paper | Aracruz | 1972 | Paper, merged into Fibria in 2009 | P | D |
AstralSat | Consumer services | Broadcasting & entertainment | São Paulo | 2005 | Satellite television | P | A |
Avianca Brasil | Consumer services | Airlines | São Paulo | 1998 | Airlines | P | D |
Avibras | Industrials | Aerospace & defense | São José dos Campos | 1961 | Missiles, rockets, military vehicles | P | A |
Azul Brazilian Airlines | Consumer services | Airlines | Barueri | 2008 | Low cost carrier | P | A |
B2W | Technology | Internet | Rio de Janeiro | 2006 | E-commerce, (B3: BTOW3) | P | A |
B3 | Financials | Financial services | São Paulo | 1890 | Stock exchange | P | A |
Banco Bradesco | Financials | Banks | Osasco | 1943 | Private bank, (B3: BBDC3, BBDC4) | P | A |
Banco do Brasil | Financials | Banks | Rio de Janeiro | 1808 | State controlled bank, (B3: BBAS11, BBAS12, BBAS3) | S | A |
Banco Nossa Caixa | Financials | Banks | São Paulo | 1916 | Bank, defunct 2008 | P | D |
Banco Safra | Financials | Banks | São Paulo | 1955 | Local bank | P | A |
Banestes | Financials | Banks | Vitória | 1937 | State bank, (B3: BEES3, BEES11) | S | A |
Banrisul | Financials | Banks | Porto Alegre | 1928 | Bank, (B3: BRSR3, BRSR5, BRSR6) | P | A |
BM&F Bovespa | Financials | Investment services | São Paulo | 1890 | Exchange, (B3: BVMF3) | P | A |
Bob's | Consumer services | Restaurants & bars | Rio de Janeiro | 1952 | Restaurants | P | A |
Bradespar | Financials | Banks | São Paulo | 2000 | Investment holding, (B3: BRAP3, BRAP4) | P | A |
Brasil & Movimento | Consumer goods | Automobiles | São Paulo | 2000 | Motorcycles & bicycles | P | A |
Brasil Kirin | Consumer goods | Brewers | Itu | 1939 | Brewery | P | D |
Brasil Telecom | Telecommunications | Fixed line telecommunications | Brasília | 1998 | Telecommunications, defunct 2009 | P | D |
Braskem | Basic materials | Specialty chemicals | São Paulo | 2002 | Petrochemicals, (B3: BRKM3, BRKM5) | P | A |
BRF S.A. | Consumer goods | Food & beverages | São Paulo | 2009 | Beverage and food | P | A |
BTG Pactual | Financials | Financial services | São Paulo | 1983 | Financial services | P | A |
Caixa Econômica Federal | Financials | Banks | Rio de Janeiro | 1861 | State bank | S | A |
Caloi | Consumer goods | Recreational products | São Paulo | 1898 | Bicycles | P | A |
Carbuss | Consumer goods | Commercial vehicles | Joinville | 2017 | Bus & coach | P | A |
Casas Bahia | Consumer services | Specialty retailers | São Caetano do Sul | 1952 | Furniture, home retail | P | A |
CBC | Industrials | Defense | São Paulo | 1926 | Ammunition | P | A |
CCR S.A. | Transportation | Transportation services | São Paulo | 1945 | Transportation, (B3: CCRO3) | P | A |
Celesc | Utilities | Conventional electricity | Florianópolis | 1955 | Electrical utility, (B3: CLSC3, CLSC5, CLSC6) | P | A |
CEMIG | Utilities | Conventional electricity | Belo Horizonte | 1952 | Electrical utility, (B3: CMIG3, CMIG4) | P | A |
CESP | Utilities | Conventional electricity | São Paulo | 1966 | Electrical utility, (B3: CESP3, CESP5, CESP6) | P | A |
Chamonix | Consumer goods | Automobiles | São Paulo | 1987 | Sports cars, replicas | P | A |
CI&T | Information technology | software | Campinas | 1995 | Agile software development, Infrastructure management, Mobile application development, User experience Software design | P | A |
Cia. Hering | Consumer goods | Clothing & accessories | Blumenau | 1880 | Apparel department stores, (B3: HGTX3) | P | A |
Cielo | Financials | Investment services | Barueri | 1997 | Financial transactions | P | A |
Citrosuco | Consumer goods | Food & beverages | Matão | 2010 | Orange juice, essential oil, limonene | P | A |
Comil | Consumer goods | Commercial vehicles | Erechim | 1985 | Bus and Coach | P | A |
Comgás | Utilities | Gas distribution | São Paulo | 1872 | Gas utility, subsidiary of Cosan (B3: CGAS3, CGAS5) | P | A |
CPFL | Utilities | Conventional electricity | Campinas | 1912 | Electrical utility, (B3: CPFE3) | P | A |
Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional | Basic materials | Iron & steel | São Paulo | 1941 | Steel, (B3: CSNA3) | P | A |
Copel | Utilities | Conventional electricity | Curitiba | 1954 | Electrical utility, (B3: CPLE3, CPLE5, CPLE6) | P | A |
Correios | Industrials | Delivery services | Brasília | 1663 | Postal services | S | A |
Cosan | Conglomerates | - | São Paulo | 1936 | Energy, ethanol, fuel, logistics, (B3: CSAN3) | P | A |
CTEEP | Utilities | Conventional electricity | São Paulo | 1999 | Electrical utility, (B3: TRPL3, TRPL4) | P | A |
Cyrela Brazil Realty | Real estate | Real estate holding & development | São Paulo | 1962 | Real estate construction, (B3: CYRE3) | P | A |
Dafra Motos | Consumer goods | Automobiles | Manaus | 2007 | Motorcycles | P | A |
D'Alegria | Consumer goods | Musical instruments | Rio de Janeiro | 2003 | Electric guitars and basses | P | A |
Del Vecchio | Consumer goods | Musical instruments | São Paulo | 1902 | Classical and resonator guitars | P | A |
Diagnosticos da America | Health care | Health care providers | Barueri | 2003 | Clinical laboratory | P | A |
Diler & Associados | Consumer services | Broadcasting & entertainments | Rio de Janeiro | 1988 | Film production | P | A |
Duratex | Basic materials | Paper | São Paulo | 1961 | Wood and paper, (B3: DURA3, DURA4) | P | A |
EBX Group | Conglomerates | - | Rio de Janeiro | 1984 | Energy, mining, transportation | P | A |
Eletrobras Furnas | Utilities | Conventional electricity | Rio de Janeiro | 1957 | Electrical utility | P | A |
Eletrobrás | Utilities | Conventional electricity | Rio de Janeiro | 1962 | Electrical utility, (B3: ELET3, ELET5, ELET6) | P | A |
Elo | Financial | Financial Services | Barueri | 2011 | Credit card, debit card, and prepaid card issuing and network processing | P | A |
Embraco | Industrials | Industrial machinery | Joinville | 1971 | Refrigeration compressors & condensers | P | A |
Embraer | Industrials | Aerospace & defense | São Paulo | 1969 | Civil & military aircraft, (B3: EMBR3) | P | A |
Embratel | Telecommunications | Fixed line telecommunications | Rio de Janeiro | 1965 | Fixed-line & mobile, part of América Móvil, (B3: EBTP3, EBTP4) | P | A |
EMGEPRON | Industrials | Shipbuilding | Rio de Janeiro | 1982 | Naval shipbuilding, engineering, munitions, part of Brazilian Navy | S | A |
Embrapa | Consumer goods | Farming & fishing | Brasília | 1972 | Agricultural research | S | A |
EMS | Health care | Pharmaceuticals | Hortolândia | 1950 | Pharma | P | A |
Estaleiro Atlântico Sul | Industrials | Shipbuilding | Ipojuca | 2005 | FPSO, Oil tankers, Oil platforms, Platform supply vessels, Tugboats | P | A |
Estrela | Consumer goods | Toys | São Paulo | 1937 | Toys, (B3: ESTR3, ESTR4) | P | A |
Eurofarma | Health care | Pharmaceuticals | São Paulo | 1972 | Pharma | P | A |
Extrafarma | Consumer services | Drug retailers | Belém | 1960 | Drugstore chain, subsidiary of Ultrapar | P | A |
Fabral | Consumer goods | Automobiles | Palmas | 2002 | Off-road SUVs, defunct 2003 | P | D |
Fibria | Basic materials | Paper | São Paulo | 2009 | Pulp and Paper and lumber | P | A |
Finta | Consumer goods | Clothing & accessories | São Paulo | 1987 | Boots, balls, sport equipment and acessories | P | A |
Forship | Industrials | Engineering & contracting services | Rio de Janeiro | 1998 | Commissioning, O&M, C&M, Consultancy, HMSWeb | P | A |
Gafisa | Real estate | Real estate holding & development | São Paulo | 1954 | Real estate construction, (B3: GFSA3) | P | A |
Garoto | Consumer goods | Food & beverages | Vila Velha | 1929 | Chocolate | P | A |
Gerdau | Basic materials | Iron & steel | Porto Alegre | 1901 | Steel, (B3: GGBR3, GGBR4) | P | A |
Giannini | Consumer goods | Musical instruments | São Paulo | 1900 | Multiple instruments | P | A |
Global Táxi Aéreo | Consumer services | Airlines | São Paulo | 1994 | Charter Airlines | P | A |
Gol Transportes Aéreos | Consumer services | Airlines | São Paulo | 2000 | Airline, (B3: GOLL3, GOLL4) | P | A |
GPA | Consumer services | Food retailers & wholesalers | São Paulo | 1948 | Markets, owned by Groupe Casino (B3: PCAR3, PCAR4) | P | A |
Grupo Abril | Consumer services | Broadcasting & entertainment | São Paulo | 1950 | Publisher, television | P | A |
Grupo Caoa | Consumer goods | Automobiles | São Paulo | 1979 | Automotive | P | A |
Grupo Folha | Consumer services | Publishing | São Paulo | 1921 | Publisher | P | A |
Grupo Positivo | Conglomerates | - | Curitiba | 1972 | Publishing, technology, education, (B3: POSI3) | P | A |
Habib's | Consumer goods | Restaurants & bars | São Paulo | 1988 | Restaurants | P | A |
Havaianas | Consumer goods | Clothing & accessories | São Paulo | 1962 | Flip Flops, sandals, personal acessories | P | A |
Helibras | Industrials | Aerospace & defense | Itajubá | 1978 | Civil & military helicopters, subsidiary of Airbus Helicopters (Europe) | P | A |
Hidden Pousadas Brazil | Consumer services | Travel & tourism | Rio de Janeiro | 2008 | Brazilian tourism | P | A |
Hypermarcas | Health care | Pharmaceuticals | São Paulo | 2001 | Pharma | P | A |
IGB Eletrônica | Consumer goods | Consumer electronics | Manaus | 1964 | Electronics, (B3: IGBR3) | P | A |
IMBEL | Arms Industry | Defense | Piquete | 1934 | Firearms and munition | P | A |
Infraero | Industrials | Heavy construction | Brasília | 1973 | State-owned transportation infrastructure | S | A |
Iochpe-Maxion | Consumer goods | Auto parts | São Paulo | 1918 | Wheels, (B3: MYPK4, MYPK3) | P | A |
Ipiranga | Energy | Oil & gas refining & marketing | Porto Alegre | 1937 | Subsidiary of Ultrapar | P | A |
Banco Itaú Unibanco | Financials | Banks | São Paulo | 2008 | Bank, (B3: ITAUB3, ITAUB4) | P | A |
Itaúsa | Conglomerates | - | São Paulo | 1966 | Finance, health care, chemicals, (B3: ITSA3, ITSA4) | P | A |
Itautec | Technology | Computer hardware | São Paulo | 1979 | Computer Systems | P | A |
JBS S.A. | Consumer goods | Food & beverages | São Paulo | 1953 | Meat processing, (B3: JBSS3) | P | A |
Klabin | Basic materials | Paper | São Paulo | 1899 | Paper, (B3: KLBN3, KLBN4) | P | A |
LATAM Brasil | Consumer services | Airlines | São Paulo | 1976 | Airline, (B3: TAMM3, TAMM4) | P | A |
Light | Utilities | Conventional electricity | Rio de Janeiro | 1904 | Electrical utility, (B3: PCAR3, PCAR4) | P | A |
Lojas Americanas | Consumer services | Diversified retailers | Rio de Janeiro | 1929 | Retail, (B3: LAME3, LAME4) | P | A |
Lojas Renner | Consumer goods | Clothing & accessories | Porto Alegre | 1912 | Apparel department Store, (B3: LREN3) | P | A |
Lojas Riachuelo | Consumer goods | Clothing & accessories | Natal | 1947 | Apparel department stores | P | A |
M. Dias Branco | Consumer goods | Food & beverages | Eusébio | 1936 | Beverage and food | P | A |
Máquina de Vendas | Consumer services | Diversified retailers | São Paulo | 2010 | Retail | P | A |
Marcopolo | Consumer goods | Commercial vehicles | Caxias do Sul | 1949 | Bus and coach, (B3: POMO3, POMO4) | P | A |
Marfrig | Consumer goods | Food & beverages | São Paulo | 2000 | Food processing (MRFG3) | P | A |
Mascarello | Consumer goods | Commercial vehicles | Cascavel | 2003 | Bus & coach | P | A |
Módulo | Technology | Software | Rio de Janeiro | 1985 | Technology | P | A |
Mondial | Consumer goods | Consumer electronics | Barueri | 1999 | Cookware, small and medium appliances, power tools | P | A |
Mover Participações | Conglomerates | - | São Paulo | 1939 | Construction, real estate, oil & gas, (B3: CCIM3) | P | A |
MRS Logística | Transportation | Delivery services | Rio de Janeiro | 1997 | Logistics | P | A |
MRV Engenharia | Industrials | Heavy construction | Belo Horizonte | 1979 | Construction, (B3: MRVE3) | P | A |
Mundial | Industrials | General industries | São Paulo | 1896 | Tableware, cutlery, motors and fasteners | P | A |
MWM International Motores | Consumer goods | Auto parts | São Paulo | 1953 | Diesel engines manufacturing, subsidiary of Navistar International (USA) | P | A |
Natura | Consumer goods | Personal products | São Paulo | 1969 | Cosmetics, (B3: NATU3) | P | A |
Neobus | Consumer goods | Commercial vehicles | Caxias do Sul | 1996 | Bus and coach, subsidiary of Marcopolo | P | A |
NET | Telecommunications | Fixed-line telecommunications | São Paulo | 1991 | Internet, (B3: NETC3, NETC4) | P | A |
Netshoes | Technology | Internet | São Paulo | 2000 | E-commerce, footwear, sport goods | P | A |
Nubank | Financials | Banks | São Paulo | 2013 | Private bank | P | A |
O Boticário | Consumer goods | Personal products | São José dos Pinhais | 1977 | Personal care | P | A |
Oi | Telecommunications | Fixed line telecommunications | Rio de Janeiro | 1998 | Fixed-line & mobile | P | A |
Oxiteno | Basic materials | Diversified chemicals | São Paulo | 1970 | Chemicals, subsidiary of Ultrapar | P | A |
Pantanal Linhas Aéreas | Consumer services | Airlines | São Paulo | 1990 | Airline, defunct 2013 | P | D |
Petrobras | Energy | Oil & gas exploration & production | Rio de Janeiro | 1953 | Petroleum, (B3: PETR3, PETR4) | P | A |
Porto Seguro | Financials | General insurance | São Paulo | 1945 | Insurance | P | A |
Puma | Consumer goods | Automobiles | São Paulo | 1963 | Sports cars | P | A |
Rainha | Consumer goods | Clothing & accessories | São Paulo | 1934 | Sport shoes and related equipment | P | A |
Raízen | Energy | Oil & gas refining & marketing | São Paulo | 2010 | Bioethanol and fuel, joint venture of Cosan & Royal Dutch Shell (UK/Netherlands) | P | A |
RecordTV | Consumer services | Broadcasting & entertainment | São Paulo | 1953 | Television, part of Grupo Record | P | A |
Organizações Globo | Consumer services | Broadcasting & entertainment | Rio de Janeiro | 1965 | Television | P | A |
Rede S.A. | Financials | Financial services | Barueri | 1996 | Financial services, (B3: RDCD3) | P | A |
RedeTV! | Consumer services | Broadcasting & entertainment | Osasco | 1999 | Television | P | A |
Rico Linhas Aéreas | Consumer services | Airlines | Manaus | 1996 | Airline, defunct 2010 | P | D |
Rio de Janeiro Metro | Consumer services | Airlines | Rio de Janeiro | 1979 | (B3: OPRT3) | P | A |
Rossi Residencial | Real estate | Real estate holding & development | São Paulo | 1992 | Real estate construction, (B3: RSID3) | P | A |
Rumo Logística | Transportation | Railroads | Curitiba | 1997 | Railways, (B3: ALL11, ALL3, ALL4) | P | A |
Sabesp | Utilities | Water | São Paulo | 1973 | Water & waste management, (B3: SBSP3) | P | A |
Serviço Federal de Processamento de Dados | Technology | Software | Brasília | 1964 | State-owned IT services | S | A |
SIATT | Industrials | Aerospace & defense | São José dos Campos | 2015 | Missiles | P | A |
SBT | Consumer services | Broadcasting & entertainment | São Paulo | 1981 | Television | P | A |
SulAmérica | Financials | General insurance | Rio de Janeiro | 1895 | Insurance | P | A |
Suzano Papel e Celulose | Basic materials | Paper | Salvador | 1924 | Pulp and paper and lumber | P | A |
TAC | Consumer goods | Automobiles | Joinville | 2004 | SUVs | P | A |
Tagima | Consumer goods | Musical instruments | São Paulo | 1986 | Electric, acoustic, and classical guitars and basses | P | A |
Taurus | Industrials | Defense | Porto Alegre | 1939 | Firearms, (B3: FJTA3, FJTA4) | P | A |
Tectoy | Consumer goods | Toys | São Paulo | 1987 | Toys | P | A |
Telequartz | Basic materials | General mining | Rio de Janeiro | 1926 | Mining | P | A |
Tonante | Consumer goods | Musical instruments | São Paulo | 1954 | Electric and acoustic guitars | P | A |
Total Linhas Aéreas | Consumer services | Airlines | Belo Horizonte | 1988 | Airline | P | A |
Tramontina | Consumer goods | Nondurable household products | Carlos Barbosa | 1911 | Tableware, cookware, pressure cookers, kitchen tools and accessories | P | A |
TRIP Linhas Aéreas | Consumer services | Airlines | São Paulo | 1998 | Airline, defunct 2014 | P | D |
Troller Veículos Especiais | Consumer goods | Automobiles | Horizonte | 1995 | SUVs, defunct 2021 | P | D |
TV Cultura | Consumer services | Broadcasting & entertainment | São Paulo | 1960 | Television | P | A |
Ultragaz | Utilities | Gas distribution | São Paulo | 1937 | Gas utility, subsidiary of Ultrapar | P | A |
Ultrapar | Conglomerates | - | São Paulo | 1937 | Chemicals, drugstores, fuel, logistics (B3: UGPA3, UGPA4) | P | A |
Universo Online | Telecommunications | Fixed-line telecommunications | São Paulo | 1996 | Internet service provider, (B3: UOLL3, UOLL4) | P | A |
Usiminas | Basic materials | Iron & steel | Belo Horizonte | 1956 | Steel, (B3: USIM3, USIM5, USIM6) | P | A |
Vale | Basic materials | General mining | Rio de Janeiro | 1942 | Mining, (B3: VALE3, VALE5) | P | A |
Varig | Consumer services | Airlines | Porto Alegre | 1927 | Airline, defunct 2006 | P | D |
Vibra Energia | Energy | Oil & gas exploration & production | Rio de Janeiro | 1971 | Fuel, biofuel | P | A |
Vigor S.A. | Consumer goods | Food & beverages | Anta Gorda | 1917 | Dairy, part of Grupo Lala (Mexico) | P | A |
Vivo | Telecommunications | Fixed line telecommunications | São Paulo | 1993 | Fixed-line & mobile, subsidiary of Telefónica (Spain), (B3: VIVO3, VIVO4) | P | A |
Votorantim | Conglomerates | - | São Paulo | 1918 | Financials, energy, paper, (B3: VCPA3, VCPA4) | P | A |
WebJet Linhas Aéreas | Consumer services | Airlines | Rio de Janeiro | 2005 | Airline, defunct 2012 | P | D |
WEG Industries | Industrials | Electrical equipment | Jaraguá do Sul | 1961 | Electric motors, generators, switchgears, transformers, industrial automation, wind and steam turbines (B3: WEGE3) | P | A |
Wilson, Sons | Industrials | Transportation services | Rio de Janeiro | 1837 | Port Terminals, towage, logistics, shipping Agency, offshore, and shipyards | P | A |
XMobots | Industrials | Aerospace & defense | São Paulo | 2007 | Unmanned systems | P | A |
XP Inc. | Financials | Financial services | São Paulo | 2001 | Financial services | P | A |
-
P-51, an oil platform of Petrobras.
References
[edit]- ^ "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". imf.org.
- ^ "CIA – The World Factbook – Country Comparisons – GDP (purchasing power parity)". Cia.gov. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved 25 January 2011.
- ^ Clendenning, Alan (17 April 2008). "Booming Brazil could be world power soon". USA Today – The Associated Press. p. 2. Retrieved 12 December 2008.
- ^ Fernando J. Cardim de Carvalho (January 2013). "Relative insulation". D+C Development and Cooperation/ dandc.eu.
- ^ Clare Ribando Seelke (2010). Brazil-U. S. Relations. Congressional Research Service. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-4379-2786-3.
- ^ Jorge Dominguez; Byung Kook Kim (2013). Between Compliance and Conflict: East Asia Latin America and the New Pax Americana. Center for International Affairs, Harvard University. pp. 98–99. ISBN 978-1-136-76983-2.
- ^ Jeff Neilson; Bill Pritchard (26 July 2011). Value Chain Struggles. John Wiley & Sons. p. 102. ISBN 9781444355444.
- ^ DeCarlo, Scott (18 February 2025). "The Fortune 2024 Global 500". Fortune.